[av_slideshow_full size=’no scaling’ min_height=’0px’ stretch=” animation=’fade’ autoplay=’true’ interval=’4′ control_layout=’av-control-hidden’ src=” attachment=” attachment_size=” position=’top left’ repeat=’no-repeat’ attach=’scroll’]
[av_slide_full slide_type=’image’ id=’6945′ video=’http://’ mobile_image=” video_format=” video_ratio=’16:9′ title=’Apprendre le japonais’ custom_title_size=’45’ custom_content_size=’20’ caption_pos=’caption_left’ link_apply=” link=’lightbox’ link_target=” button_label=’Click me’ button_color=’light’ link1=’manually,http://’ link_target1=” button_label2=’Click me’ button_color2=’light’ link2=’manually,http://’ link_target2=” font_color=’custom’ custom_title=’#745f7e’ custom_content=’#7b6f7c’ overlay_opacity=’0.5′ overlay_color=” overlay_pattern=” overlay_custom_pattern=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=”]
Section débutant
[/av_slide_full]
[/av_slideshow_full]
[av_section min_height=” min_height_px=’500px’ padding=’default’ shadow=’no-shadow’ bottom_border=’no-border-styling’ bottom_border_diagonal_color=’#333333′ bottom_border_diagonal_direction=” bottom_border_style=” id=” color=’main_color’ custom_bg=” src=” attachment=” attachment_size=” attach=’fixed’ position=’top center’ repeat=’repeat-y’ video=” video_ratio=’16:9′ overlay_opacity=’0.5′ overlay_color=” overlay_pattern=” overlay_custom_pattern=”]
[av_one_full first min_height=” vertical_alignment=” space=” custom_margin=” margin=’0px’ padding=’0px’ border=” border_color=” radius=’0px’ background_color=” src=” background_position=’top left’ background_repeat=’no-repeat’ animation=” mobile_display=”]
[av_heading tag=’h1′ padding=’70’ heading=’Cours de japonais : leçon 1′ color=” style=’blockquote modern-quote modern-centered’ custom_font=” size=” subheading_active=” subheading_size=’15’ custom_class=” admin_preview_bg=” av-desktop-hide=” av-medium-hide=” av-small-hide=” av-mini-hide=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=”]
平仮名
[/av_heading]
[/av_one_full][av_one_half first min_height=’av-equal-height-column’ vertical_alignment=’av-align-top’ space=” margin=’0px’ margin_sync=’true’ padding=’10px’ padding_sync=’true’ border=’2′ border_color=” radius=’0px’ radius_sync=’true’ background_color=’rgba(175,96,96,0.11)’ src=” attachment=” attachment_size=” background_position=’top left’ background_repeat=’no-repeat’ animation=” mobile_breaking=” mobile_display=”]
[av_heading tag=’h3′ padding=’10’ heading=’Texte d’étude’ color=” style=” custom_font=” size=” subheading_active=” subheading_size=’15’ custom_class=” admin_preview_bg=” av-desktop-hide=” av-medium-hide=” av-small-hide=” av-mini-hide=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=”][/av_heading]
[av_textblock size=” font_color=” color=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=” admin_preview_bg=”]
わたしはおとこです watashi wa otoko desu
Je suis un garçon
あなたはおんなです anata wa onna desu
Tu es une fille
[/av_textblock]
[/av_one_half][av_one_half min_height=” vertical_alignment=’av-align-top’ space=” margin=’0px’ margin_sync=’true’ padding=’10px’ padding_sync=’true’ border=’2′ border_color=” radius=’0px’ radius_sync=’true’ background_color=’rgba(123,84,140,0.11)’ src=” attachment=” attachment_size=” background_position=’top left’ background_repeat=’no-repeat’ animation=” mobile_breaking=” mobile_display=”]
[av_heading tag=’h3′ padding=’10’ heading=’Vocabulaire’ color=” style=” custom_font=” size=” subheading_active=” subheading_size=’15’ custom_class=” admin_preview_bg=” av-desktop-hide=” av-medium-hide=” av-small-hide=” av-mini-hide=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=”][/av_heading]
[av_textblock size=” font_color=” color=” admin_preview_bg=”]
わたし watashi = je/moi
あなた anata = tu/toi
おとこ otoko = garçon
おんな onna = fille
[/av_textblock]
[/av_one_half][av_heading tag=’h2′ padding=’60’ heading=’Cours’ color=” style=’blockquote modern-quote modern-centered’ custom_font=” size=” subheading_active=” subheading_size=’15’ custom_class=” admin_preview_bg=” av-desktop-hide=” av-medium-hide=” av-small-hide=” av-mini-hide=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=”]
平仮名
[/av_heading]
[av_one_full first min_height=” vertical_alignment=” space=” custom_margin=” margin=’0px’ padding=’0px’ border=” border_color=” radius=’0px’ background_color=” src=” background_position=’top left’ background_repeat=’no-repeat’ animation=” mobile_display=”]
[av_heading tag=’h3′ padding=’10’ heading=’Introduction aux particules fonctionnelles’ color=” style=” custom_font=” size=” subheading_active=” subheading_size=’15’ custom_class=” admin_preview_bg=” av-desktop-hide=” av-medium-hide=” av-small-hide=” av-mini-hide=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=”][/av_heading]
[av_textblock size=” font_color=” color=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=” admin_preview_bg=”]
Éléments essentiels servant à structurer la langue japonaise, le rôle des particules fonctionnelles est de déterminer la fonction d’un mot dans une phrase (thème, sujet, COD,…). Pour ce faire, une particule se place immédiatement après le mot ou la proposition dont elle doit déterminer la fonction.
[/av_textblock]
[av_heading tag=’h3′ padding=’10’ heading=’La particule fonctionnelle は’ color=” style=” custom_font=” size=” subheading_active=” subheading_size=’15’ custom_class=” admin_preview_bg=” av-desktop-hide=” av-medium-hide=” av-small-hide=” av-mini-hide=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=”][/av_heading]
[av_textblock size=” font_color=” color=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=” admin_preview_bg=”]
La particule fonctionnelle は sert à désigner le thème d’une phrase.
わたしはおとこです watashi wa otoko desu
Ici nous voyons que la particule は donne la fonction de thème à わたし
わたし est donc le thème de la phrase
[/av_textblock]
[av_hr class=’invisible’ height=’10’ shadow=’no-shadow’ position=’center’ custom_border=’av-border-thin’ custom_width=’50px’ custom_border_color=” custom_margin_top=’30px’ custom_margin_bottom=’30px’ icon_select=’yes’ custom_icon_color=” icon=’ue808′ font=’entypo-fontello’ admin_preview_bg=”]
[av_icon_box position=’left_content’ icon_style=’av-icon-style-no-border’ boxed=” icon=’ue81e’ font=’entypo-fontello’ title=’Notes’ link=” linktarget=” linkelement=” font_color=’custom’ custom_title=’#31394f’ custom_content=’#31394f’ color=’custom’ custom_bg=” custom_font=’#31394f’ custom_border=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=” admin_preview_bg=”]
- Comme nous l’avons vu sur la fiche d’apprentissage des hiragana, exceptionnellement le kana は ne se prononce pas “ha” mais “wa” lorsqu’il s’agit de la particule fonctionnelle. Voir la fiche des hiragana
- Le thème se situe toujours en début de phrase.
- Bien que du premier abord la fonction de thème peut s’apparenter à la fonction de sujet, il faut savoir qu’en japonais il existe une distinction entre les fonctions thème et sujet, et qu’il existe une autre particule pour désigner le sujet d’une phrase. Cette particule ainsi que la distinction entre thème et sujet seront vu dans les prochaines leçons, mais retenons pour le moment que la particule は désigne le thème d’une phrase, et non pas le pas le sujet.
[/av_icon_box]
[av_heading tag=’h3′ padding=’10’ heading=’Les pronoms personnels’ color=” style=” custom_font=” size=” subheading_active=” subheading_size=’15’ custom_class=” admin_preview_bg=” av-desktop-hide=” av-medium-hide=” av-small-hide=” av-mini-hide=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=”][/av_heading]
[av_textblock size=” font_color=” color=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=” admin_preview_bg=”]
En japonais, les pronoms personnels de base sont les suivants :
Je : わたし watashi
Tu : あなた anata
Il : かれ kare
Elle : かのじょ kanojo
Nous : わたしたち watashitachi
Vous : あなたたち anatatachi
Ils : かれら karera
Elles : かのじょたち kanojotachi
Il existe d’autres variantes de pronoms personnels en japonais mais qu’il n’est pas nécessaire d’apprendre dès le début.
[/av_textblock]
[av_hr class=’invisible’ height=’10’ shadow=’no-shadow’ position=’center’ custom_border=’av-border-thin’ custom_width=’50px’ custom_border_color=” custom_margin_top=’30px’ custom_margin_bottom=’30px’ icon_select=’yes’ custom_icon_color=” icon=’ue808′ font=’entypo-fontello’ admin_preview_bg=”]
[av_icon_box position=’left_content’ icon_style=’av-icon-style-no-border’ boxed=” icon=’ue81e’ font=’entypo-fontello’ title=’Note’ link=” linktarget=” linkelement=” font_color=’custom’ custom_title=’#31394f’ custom_content=’#31394f’ color=’custom’ custom_bg=” custom_font=’#31394f’ custom_border=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=” admin_preview_bg=”]
Le vouvoiement n’existe pas en japonais.
[/av_icon_box]
[av_heading tag=’h3′ padding=’10’ heading=’Le verbe です’ color=” style=” custom_font=” size=” subheading_active=” subheading_size=’15’ custom_class=” admin_preview_bg=” av-desktop-hide=” av-medium-hide=” av-small-hide=” av-mini-hide=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=”][/av_heading]
[av_textblock size=” font_color=” color=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=” admin_preview_bg=”]
Bien que beaucoup de personnes le désignent comme étant le verbe être, です (desu) n’a en réalité pas d’équivalent en français et n’est pas véritablement un verbe, mais plutôt un mot verbal un peu spécial qui n’a pas de traduction propre car son sens varie selon les phrases et les usages. Tantôt il peut servir de verbe être, tantôt de verbe avoir, ou encore de forme de politesse,… です est un mot à part mais très présent dans la langue japonaise. Quoi qu’il en soit, il se situe toujours en fin de phrase.
[/av_textblock]
[av_hr class=’invisible’ height=’10’ shadow=’no-shadow’ position=’center’ custom_border=’av-border-thin’ custom_width=’50px’ custom_border_color=” custom_margin_top=’30px’ custom_margin_bottom=’30px’ icon_select=’yes’ custom_icon_color=” icon=’ue808′ font=’entypo-fontello’ admin_preview_bg=”]
[av_icon_box position=’left_content’ icon_style=’av-icon-style-no-border’ boxed=” icon=’ue81e’ font=’entypo-fontello’ title=’Note’ link=” linktarget=” linkelement=” font_color=’custom’ custom_title=’#31394f’ custom_content=’#31394f’ color=’custom’ custom_bg=” custom_font=’#31394f’ custom_border=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=” admin_preview_bg=”]
De manière globale, le son “u” à la fin de です ne se prononce presque pas, ce qui phonétiquement donne “dèss”. Cependant, selon les personnes, leur intonation et leur manière de parler, le son “u” peut être parfois entendu ; mais à ce stade de l’apprentissage, il est bon que l’apprenant le prononce “dèss” sans tenir compte des différences d’intonations, il verra ça par lui-même lorsqu’il se rendra au Japon.
[/av_icon_box]
[av_heading tag=’h3′ padding=’10’ heading=’Remarque’ color=” style=” custom_font=” size=” subheading_active=” subheading_size=’15’ custom_class=” admin_preview_bg=” av-desktop-hide=” av-medium-hide=” av-small-hide=” av-mini-hide=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=”][/av_heading]
[av_textblock size=” font_color=” color=” admin_preview_bg=”]
Les articles définis (le, la, les) et indéfinis (un, une, des) n’existent pas en japonais.
[/av_textblock]
[/av_one_full][av_heading tag=’h2′ padding=’60’ heading=’Mise en pratique’ color=” style=’blockquote modern-quote modern-centered’ custom_font=” size=” subheading_active=” subheading_size=’15’ custom_class=” admin_preview_bg=” av-desktop-hide=” av-medium-hide=” av-small-hide=” av-mini-hide=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=”]
平仮名
[/av_heading]
[av_one_half first min_height=’av-equal-height-column’ vertical_alignment=’av-align-top’ space=” margin=’0px’ margin_sync=’true’ padding=’10px’ padding_sync=’true’ border=’2′ border_color=” radius=’0px’ radius_sync=’true’ background_color=’rgba(175,96,96,0.11)’ src=” attachment=” attachment_size=” background_position=’top left’ background_repeat=’no-repeat’ animation=” mobile_breaking=” mobile_display=”]
[av_heading tag=’h3′ padding=’10’ heading=’Exemples complémentaires’ color=” style=” custom_font=” size=” subheading_active=” subheading_size=’15’ custom_class=” admin_preview_bg=” av-desktop-hide=” av-medium-hide=” av-small-hide=” av-mini-hide=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=”][/av_heading]
[av_textblock size=” font_color=” color=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=” admin_preview_bg=”]
かれはせんせいです kare wa sensei desu
Il est professeur
かのじょはいしゃです kanojo wa isha desu
Elle est médecin
わたしたちはまんがかです watashitachi wa mangaka desu
Nous sommes mangaka
[/av_textblock]
[/av_one_half][av_one_half min_height=” vertical_alignment=’av-align-top’ space=” margin=’0px’ margin_sync=’true’ padding=’10px’ padding_sync=’true’ border=’2′ border_color=” radius=’0px’ radius_sync=’true’ background_color=’rgba(123,84,140,0.11)’ src=” attachment=” attachment_size=” background_position=’top left’ background_repeat=’no-repeat’ animation=” mobile_breaking=” mobile_display=”]
[av_heading tag=’h3′ padding=’10’ heading=’Vocabulaire additionnel’ color=” style=” custom_font=” size=” subheading_active=” subheading_size=’15’ custom_class=” admin_preview_bg=” av-desktop-hide=” av-medium-hide=” av-small-hide=” av-mini-hide=” av-medium-font-size-title=” av-small-font-size-title=” av-mini-font-size-title=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=”][/av_heading]
[av_textblock size=” font_color=” color=” admin_preview_bg=”]
せんせい sensei = professeur
いしゃ isha = médecin
まんがか mangaka = dessinateur de manga
[/av_textblock]
[/av_one_half][av_hr class=’default’ height=’50’ shadow=’no-shadow’ position=’center’ custom_border=’av-border-thin’ custom_width=’50px’ custom_border_color=” custom_margin_top=’30px’ custom_margin_bottom=’30px’ icon_select=’yes’ custom_icon_color=” icon=’ue808′]
[/av_section]
[av_layout_row border=” min_height_percent=” min_height=’0′ color=’footer_color’ mobile=’av-flex-cells’ id=” av_element_hidden_in_editor=’0′ mobile_breaking=”]
[av_cell_one_fifth vertical_align=’top’ padding=’2%’ padding_sync=’true’ background_color=’#779eff’ src=” attachment=” attachment_size=” background_attachment=’scroll’ background_position=’top left’ background_repeat=’no-repeat’ mobile_display=”]
[av_font_icon icon=’ue8ca’ font=’entypo-fontello’ style=’border’ caption=” link=” linktarget=” size=’40px’ position=’center’ color=’#ffffff’ admin_preview_bg=”][/av_font_icon]
[av_sidebar widget_area=’Apprendre le japonais – Footer – column1′]
[/av_cell_one_fifth][av_cell_one_fifth vertical_align=’top’ padding=’2%’ padding_sync=’true’ background_color=’#ff947f’ src=” attachment=” attachment_size=” background_attachment=’scroll’ background_position=’top left’ background_repeat=’no-repeat’ mobile_display=”]
[av_font_icon icon=’ue84e’ font=’entypo-fontello’ style=’border’ caption=” link=” linktarget=” size=’40px’ position=’center’ color=’#ffffff’ admin_preview_bg=”][/av_font_icon]
[av_sidebar widget_area=’Apprendre le japonais – Footer – column2′]
[/av_cell_one_fifth][av_cell_one_fifth vertical_align=’top’ padding=’2%’ padding_sync=’true’ background_color=’#e2b761′ src=” attachment=” attachment_size=” background_attachment=’scroll’ background_position=’top left’ background_repeat=’no-repeat’ mobile_display=”]
[av_font_icon icon=’ue849′ font=’entypo-fontello’ style=’border’ caption=” link=” linktarget=” size=’40px’ position=’center’ color=’#ffffff’ admin_preview_bg=”][/av_font_icon]
[av_sidebar widget_area=’Apprendre le japonais – Footer – column3′]
[/av_cell_one_fifth][av_cell_one_fifth vertical_align=’top’ padding=’2%’ padding_sync=’true’ background_color=’#ffa775′ src=” attachment=” attachment_size=” background_attachment=’scroll’ background_position=’top left’ background_repeat=’no-repeat’ mobile_display=”]
[av_font_icon icon=’ue83b’ font=’entypo-fontello’ style=’border’ caption=” link=” linktarget=” size=’40px’ position=’center’ color=’#ffffff’ admin_preview_bg=”][/av_font_icon]
[av_sidebar widget_area=’Apprendre le japonais – Footer – column4′]
[/av_cell_one_fifth][av_cell_one_fifth vertical_align=’top’ padding=’2%’ padding_sync=’true’ background_color=’#6bc4b5′ src=” attachment=” attachment_size=” background_attachment=’scroll’ background_position=’top left’ background_repeat=’no-repeat’ mobile_display=”]
[av_font_icon icon=’ue8c9′ font=’entypo-fontello’ style=’border’ caption=” link=” linktarget=” size=’40px’ position=’center’ color=’#ffffff’ admin_preview_bg=”][/av_font_icon]
[av_sidebar widget_area=’Apprendre le japonais – Footer – column5′]
[/av_cell_one_fifth]
[/av_layout_row]